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The Science of Photobiomodulation: How Red and Near-Infrared Light Interact With the Body
The Science of Photobiomodulation: How Red and Near-Infrared Light Interact With the Body
Red and near-infrared light are used and studied in a field known as photobiomodulation (PBM). Researchers continue to investigate how specific wavelengths of light interact with cells and tissues and how those interactions may relate to a variety of biological and wellness applications.
At Red Nova Lights, we use multiple red and near-infrared wavelengths across our product line to give users flexible options for incorporating light into their personal wellness routines. Understanding some of the science behind photobiomodulation can help explain why wavelength, light output, exposure time, and other factors matter.
What Is Photobiomodulation?
Photobiomodulation is the study and application of specific wavelengths of light interacting with biological tissue. Research commonly involves visible red and near-infrared wavelengths, although the exact wavelengths, equipment, intensity, exposure time, and protocols vary considerably between studies.
PBM has been investigated in laboratory, animal, and human research across many areas. Findings from specialized research or medical equipment should not automatically be interpreted as evidence that a consumer red light device will produce the same outcomes.
Light and Cellular Activity
One area of photobiomodulation research examines how red and near-infrared light interact with cellular processes. Researchers have investigated interactions involving mitochondria, cellular signaling, nitric oxide, and other biological pathways.
Mitochondria play an important role in producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which cells use as a source of energy. Research has explored whether certain light exposures may influence mitochondrial and cellular activity under specific conditions.
These mechanisms remain an active area of scientific research. Evidence of a cellular interaction does not by itself establish that a particular consumer device can treat a disease, heal an injury, or produce a specific health outcome.
Why Wavelength Matters
Wavelength is one of several important variables in light-based research. Different wavelengths have different optical characteristics and can interact with skin and tissue differently.
Red Nova Lights products use different wavelength combinations depending on the model. Available wavelengths across our product line include:
- 630nm red light
- 660nm red light
- 810nm near-infrared light
- 830nm near-infrared light
- 850nm near-infrared light
- 960nm near-infrared light
- 1060nm near-infrared light
Select Red Nova Lights models provide up to seven wavelengths, while other products use wavelength combinations appropriate for their particular design and intended general wellness use.
Red Light and Near-Infrared Light
Red light, including wavelengths such as 630nm and 660nm, is visible to the human eye and is commonly studied in areas involving skin and other light-based wellness applications.
Near-infrared light, including wavelengths such as 810nm, 830nm, 850nm, 960nm, and 1060nm, falls outside the visible spectrum. Near-infrared wavelengths are also widely used in photobiomodulation research.
How much light reaches or interacts with a particular tissue is influenced by numerous factors, including wavelength, light output, distance from the device, exposure time, skin and tissue characteristics, and the equipment being used.
What Else Do Researchers Study?
Photobiomodulation research spans a wide range of subjects. Scientific studies have explored red and near-infrared light in areas involving:
- Cellular and mitochondrial activity
- Skin appearance and skin-related processes
- Exercise and physical activity
- Circulation and blood flow
- Muscles, joints, and mobility
- The nervous system
- Rest and daily wellness routines
The existence of research in these areas does not mean that every application has been established or that consumer red light products are approved to diagnose or treat the medical conditions investigated in those studies.
Why Research Results Can Differ
Photobiomodulation is not simply a matter of choosing a wavelength. Research outcomes can be influenced by many variables, including:
- Wavelength or combination of wavelengths
- Light output and irradiance
- Distance from the light source
- Duration and frequency of exposure
- Area being exposed
- Characteristics of the device
- Characteristics of the individual or tissue being studied
This is one reason results from one study cannot automatically be applied to every red light device or every use.
Photobiomodulation and General Wellness
Outside of research settings, many people incorporate red and near-infrared light into routines centered around fitness, skincare, relaxation, and general wellness.
Red Nova Lights devices are designed to make red and near-infrared light convenient to use at home or in professional wellness settings. Depending on the model, features may include multiple wavelengths, adjustable intensity, timers, digital controls, and different coverage areas.
When using a Red Nova Lights device, follow the instructions supplied with that specific product regarding distance, session duration, intensity, and eye protection.
Understanding Research vs. Product Claims
Scientific research is an important part of understanding photobiomodulation, but there is an important distinction between discussing published research and claiming that a particular consumer product produces a medical result.
A study involving a particular wavelength, dose, specialized device, or patient population does not necessarily demonstrate that another device will produce the same outcome.
Red Nova Lights products are sold for general wellness use. We encourage customers interested in the science to view photobiomodulation research as an evolving field while using our products according to their intended purpose and provided instructions.
The Science Continues to Evolve
Photobiomodulation is a growing field of research, and scientists continue to investigate how different wavelengths and exposure parameters interact with biological systems.
For consumers, red and near-infrared light provide an accessible way to incorporate light-based technology into a broader personal wellness routine while research into PBM continues to develop.
Explore Red Nova Lights to compare wavelength configurations, light output, coverage areas, controls, and device sizes for your wellness routine.
Disclaimer: Red Nova Lights products are intended for general wellness use only. These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. Red Nova Lights products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease or medical condition. Information on this page is provided for general educational purposes and is not medical advice.